In early April, the U.S. Workplace of Administration and Funds revealed the outcomes of a assessment that put forth the inclusion of “Center Japanese and North African” as a brand new racial class within the census. What the U.S. authorities lastly acknowledged with this new field to examine is what Southwest Asian and North African (SWANA, the decolonial time period for the Center East/MENA) individuals have recognized by way of their lived expertise checking “different” on this nation: Our lives, our tales, are ones of ambiguity and are thus sadly ripe for misrepresentation.

With regards to artwork and media, the dialog about illustration is usually framed across the inner impression of seeing oneself represented on the stage or display. In our theatre area, we’ve seen motion to herald color-conscious casting, particularly for the reason that pandemic, after which identity-conscious casting, most notably in Latinx theatre. However SWANA theatre and its artists haven’t acquired the identical rigor of intervention. A part of the issue stems from most theatres and artists counting on casting pedagogy established nearly three many years in the past and falling behind {industry} norms for different marginalized teams inside our {industry}.

For example, in a chapter of Casting a Motion: The Welcome Desk Initiative, a seminal textual content on casting revealed in 2019, the founder and former inventive director of California’s Golden Thread Productions, Torange Yeghiazarian, recounts a narrative from 1998: She remembers that her advisor beneficial that she forged anybody as Iranian in order that her play might be produced. Accordingly, Yeghiazarian notes, within the Nineteen Nineties, casting anybody who “appeared” Center Japanese was a typical follow.

“That has modified,” Yeghiazarian shared in a latest interview. “Individuals are placing extra effort into no less than casting culturally outlined characters from that particular group when doable.” 

Some have argued that casting actors primarily based on seems is justified given a scarcity of SWANA expertise and/or a scarcity of SWANA actors gifted sufficient to match the ambitions of administrators and playwrights. That is a well-known excuse utilized by different theatres within the case of miscasting Latinx and Black characters. Whereas the earlier lack of an official SWANA census class makes it troublesome to trace the numbers, Chicago, for instance, is a minority-majority metropolis, with an unlimited SWANA presence, together with the most important Palestinian group within the nation, in accordance with the U.S. Census Bureau. (And we solely know that as a result of the knowledge was collected as a write-in; it’s mentioned to be an enormous underestimation.)

Nonetheless, right here in Chicago we noticed years of productions like Damaged Nostril Theatre’s staging of Jennifer Blackmer’s Human Terrain in 2016 and SWANA playwright Yussef El Guindi’s Language Rooms in 2019, wherein South Asian (i.e., Indian or Pakistani) and SWANA actors have been forged interchangeably. Even at Silk Highway Rising (now Silk Highway Cultural Middle, SRCC), an {industry} normal-setting group particularly devoted to representing “Pan-Asian, North African, and Muslim experiences…together with their diaspora communities,” we’ve seen a number of productions with non-SWANA actors in SWANA roles, together with for productions like inventive director Jamil Khoury’s 2016 world premiere Mosque Alert. (Khoury declined an interview for this text.) Extra just lately, we’ve seen productions of Kareem Fahmy’s A Distinct Society at Writers Theatre and Sylvia Khoury’s Promoting Kabul at Northlight Theatre forged South Asian actors and SWANA actors interchangeably.

Others, together with Yeghiazarian in a latest interview, argue that embodying different tales, identities, and lives is a part of the appearing job. However assigning SWANA roles primarily based on appearances and restricted cultural context implies that, for example, South Asian actors are sometimes forged as SWANA characters, however, curiously, not within the position of different ethnicities or nationalities they share borders with throughout the broader continent of Asia, together with these of China, Vietnam, and Thailand. The Orientalist notion that sees South Asian and SWANA our bodies as interchangeable is rooted in post-9/11 hysteria and stereotypes we must always work to dismantle. In line with a 2003 report by the U.S. Fee on Civil Rights, the enmeshment of the phrases Arab, South Asian, Muslim, and Sikh in American tradition originates from the usage of these phrases “indiscriminately within the media and in widespread discourse” following 9/11. A 2011 report by the Division of Justice, Confronting Discrimination within the Submit 9/11 Period, confirms that the majority People are nonetheless unaware of the variations between these teams talked about above a decade later. 

As theatrical practices are beginning to shift post-Covid-lockdown, it’s changing into extra clear that casting anybody who “passes” as SWANA truly deepens the pipeline drawback used to justify the miscasting follow and pushes SWANA actors out of the {industry}, making a endless cycle of misrepresentation.

A part of the issue that fuels this cycle is the lengthy historical past of tales that talk to non-SWANA audiences, with narratives that affirm Orientalist stereotypes, representations that dominate American media and negatively have an effect on public attitudes and coverage assist, and in flip result in real-life discrimination. Theatre scholar and director Ali-Reza Mirsajadi outlines the hurdle as a “fixed rhetoric of anti-Islamic, anti-Muslim, and anti-[SWANA] tropes that correlate any sort of [SWANA] id—not simply ones expressing politics and resistance, however ones of additionally merely present by way of a lens of hurt—of being akin to terrorism, or to being aligned with terrorist teams.”

For instance, Blackmer’s Human Terrain, similarly to the Magical Negro trope, tended to make use of “good” SWANA characters to maneuver a sympathetic white lead’s narrative ahead whereas portray them in opposition to the “dangerous” SWANA characters. This sharp binary between “good” and “dangerous” robs SWANA of us of nuance. Even after the industry-wide push for fairness for marginalized communities in theatre in 2020, related issues come up in Fahmy’s A Distinct Society and Khoury’s Promoting Kabul, productions from SWANA playwrights and administrators that affiliate SWANA id with a noble battle and struggling, with the latter together with stereotypical and reductionist (mis)representations, equivalent to emotional, submissive ladies, and indignant, aggressive males.

In fact, many tales of SWANA struggling are private and rooted in historical past, and represent a type of illustration that helps some of us really feel seen. Although this could be the case with Fahmy’s and Khoury’s performs as effectively, the broadly disproportionate platforming of trauma tales by predominantly white establishments in our area is inflicting hurt to the SWANA communities and theatremakers. Such narratives constantly normalize our struggling on a mass scale however hardly ever our pleasure. Why would SWANA actors keep in a area that not solely repeatedly asks them to audition for trauma-ridden, identity-siloed roles, but additionally repeatedly sees these few roles written for them carried out by non-SWANA actors?

SWANA illustration has been so stymied that our personal group members may not be incentivized to create tales that don’t match into the trauma-porn page-to-stage pipeline constructed by the American theatre to permit us a beneficiant crumb of visibility. The place are extra of our SWANA comedies? What about sci-fi SWANA futurism, homicide mysteries, or love tales that don’t must happen throughout a struggle to be high-stakes, deeply significant, or universally profound?

As director, playwright, and scholar Malek Najjar outlines in his chapter in Casting a Motion, points that preserve SWANA actors out of the {industry} compound as they transfer by way of their profession. What begins as “challenges these actors face in academia and coaching” are then furthered by “challenges they face as they enter the skilled area” and magnified within the “state of a area that accommodates little to no alternatives for these actors.”

Right here we advocate for adopting solution-oriented actions that we consider would transfer SWANA theatre ahead by empowering our group to “take up area, placed on that story that we need to inform,” as Sahar Assaf, present govt inventive director of Golden Thread, places it. We’d like tales that humanize SWANA our bodies, not normalize violence in opposition to them. We’d like crews that create and produce such narratives to incorporate not solely SWANA administrators and playwrights, as has been the case to date, but additionally actors and technical and artistic workers. Lastly, theatres should join with the communities they’re making an attempt to signify, domesticate expertise, and create a pipeline for sustainable progress throughout the SWANA group.

Higher SWANA Futures

What reignites these points for us is the joy round new SWANA tales that resist such Orientalist traps and, within the phrases of Sahar Assaf, don’t “attempt to clarify ‘us’” to non-SWANA audiences. As performs like Sanaz Toossi’s English, the primary SWANA play to obtain a Pulitzer in 2023, are produced on levels throughout the nation, there is a chance to proper the wrongs of previous makes an attempt to inform SWANA tales with deeper authenticity. For example, English, just lately produced on the Goodman Theatre (subsequent touring to the Guthrie Theater), demonstrates hopeful progress in its legacy of SWANA illustration. At this identical Chicago theatre, in 2017 Rohina Malik’s Yasmina’s Necklace had a non-SWANA playwright and director selecting an Americanized pronunciation for the lead character’s title; then, in 2023, Martin Yousif Zebari’s Layalina had a SWANA-led directing crew and SWANA-majority inventive crew (together with a co-author of this piece, Mikhaiel, as dramaturg); and just lately English, which has an Iranian director, principal forged, dramaturg (Mikhaiel once more), and costume designer. 

English has seemingly maintained its cultural integrity all through its many productions by together with Iranian principal casts and predominantly Iranian or SWANA administrators. We consider the hole between what has at all times been the {industry} normal and the brand new pathway English is carving indicators a shift not solely within the SWANA tales we inform—it additionally factors to a change within the methods we inform them and who will get a seat on the desk. Sahar affirms that the “tide shifting” in what narratives are getting produced is “undoubtedly there, which is one other alternative for us to maintain pushing.” 

Whereas we honor and construct on the work of earlier generations devoted to selling SWANA cultures within the American theatre, we should acknowledge the complexity and variety of SWANA tales and identities and acknowledge that the change will begin from inside our personal group, on interpersonal and institutional ranges. 

We provide the next options as a part of the continuing dialog round higher SWANA illustration:

• Interrogate unconscious biases past coaching. Prioritize narratives that decenter stereotypical depictions and terrorist themes and refuse to outline the SWANA area and its cultures merely on tragic phrases. This doesn’t imply that artists must be restricted by way of their writing; as a substitute, decision-makers ought to diversify their alternative of SWANA performs in dialog with their manufacturing historical past and the monolithic SWANA tales which have dominated American theatre up to now. 
• Middle narratives from outdoors the U.S. Ali-Reza Mirsajadi notes that centering narratives from outdoors the nation and from outdoors the English language might render extra numerous tales from the SWANA area. Dedication to translating new work might share “reality and sincerity about what life is like in Lebanon and Iran and Gaza, and so on.,” in an effort to amplify extra tales from SWANA-born playwrights.
• Domesticate identity-conscious practices and forged with cultural competency. These practices ought to exist all through the method of casting actors and hiring designers. Cultural consultants are only when they’re listened to, with groups capable of acquire perception into the complexity of SWANA identities, cultures, and histories. In reflecting on course of, Yeghiazarian expressed that being the “solely” within the room is isolating and makes some selections a lot more durable. There are a multiplicity of SWANA identities internationally, and even two artists with the identical background can have differing experiences.
• Domesticate expertise and create a pipeline. In Casting a Motion: The Welcome Desk Initiative, director and dramaturg Courtney Elkin Mohler factors to a mannequin utilized by Native Voices on the Autry to deal with the “pipeline drawback,” wherein a corporation creates an incubator or a culturally immersive area that offers younger Native artists “sources to develop their inventive energies inside an organization system that deliberately makes use of and resists the {industry}’s dominant tradition.” There’s such worthwhile coaching expertise even in brief readings or workshops whereby the identical actors will be handled like cohorts engaged on a number of tales. We comply with Mohler’s assertion that investing in artists—SWANA artists on this case—on each stage of manufacturing is important to shifting all the dialog round inclusion ahead. 
• Join with the communities you are attempting to signify. When requested what we will do as theatre artists to get SWANA communities to have interaction with theatre extra, Sahar Assaf asserted that one approach to break down cultural obstacles is to make “theatre with and by them. I’m excited about devised course of. I’m excited about not solely considering of them as customers of our artwork, but additionally members in our artwork—like, how can we get them to be with us, to expertise the method and share their tales? I believe the extra we will do this, the extra concerned they’d be, as a result of they’d have an interest to return see a piece that they participated in.” This fashion we will plant the seed for future generations of artists, work towards art-making as a culturally accepted profession choice, and join with our communities on a deeper stage.
• Put money into and broaden coaching for SWANA artists. Assaf talked about, within the case of Golden Thread’s latest manufacturing Drowning in Cairo, that it value an additional $20,000 to fly in actors from out of town—needed however troublesome for a small SWANA theatre firm. Provided that such practices might not at all times be sustainable, we expect it’s essential to shift the {industry}’s perspective from the limiting perception {that a} BFA/MFA in Appearing is extra worthwhile and trains actors higher than casual or trade-school coaching. For example, skilled coaching facilities exist in main cities, like Black Field Appearing, and have confirmed to show group members into skilled actors with a tangible course of in three months. A former center faculty instructor in Chicago, Yuchi Chui, is now working as an actor in L.A. after skilled commerce faculty coaching. 
• Decide to discovering and hiring SWANA artists. We should launch the internalized perception that there are “not sufficient” actors when there are extra databases (MAAC, BIPOC arts, MENA Theatre Artists, Chi Artist Minority Actor Database, to call a number of.), artist organizations, and advocacy teams for SWANA actors (and administrators and designers) than ever earlier than.
• Work in true solidarity with fellow BIPOC artists. Whereas we acknowledge that navigating race as a part of your job will be advanced and nuanced for performers, notably these with multicultural heritage, we additionally acknowledge the circumstances wherein they’re fairly clear. Actors who aren’t of the SWANA diaspora should give the identical solidarity given to Asian, Latinx, and Black theatre communities, who set this precedent years prior and refuse to audition for roles written for a group they aren’t part of. There is no such thing as a longer room for blackface, yellowface, or brownface in our {industry}.
• Be open to a paradigm shift. Enable a wide range of SWANA views to exist and for the following era of leaders to problem what has at all times been the norm. In any case, we’re all working towards the identical shared aim of a greater future for the SWANA communities in American theatre. 
• Make area for brand spanking new narratives and new instruments. As Audre Lorde mentioned in her well-known essay, “For the grasp’s instruments won’t ever dismantle the grasp’s home. They could enable us to quickly beat him at his personal recreation, however they’ll by no means allow us to result in real change.” We can’t proceed to do what we’ve at all times completed and count on progress. It’s time for a similar requirements of anti-racist illustration utilized to different communities to be utilized to SWANA tales as effectively.

Yasmin Zacaria Mikhaiel (she/they) is a Chicago-based dramaturg, arts journalist, and adjunct professor. Be taught extra at yasminzacaria.com and comply with them on Twitter @yasminzacaria, a.ok.a. dramaturgically it tracks.

Aycan Akçamete is an Assistant Professor of Efficiency Research on the College of Oregon. Alongside her scholarly pursuits, she works as a contract dramaturg. 

Arti Ishak (they/them) is a Chicago-based actor, director, author, and educator working in Theatre/TV/Movie. Be taught extra at artiishak.com or comply with their work on socials @artiishak.

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